HMG

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG) is a urinary-derived preparation containing both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity in an approximately 1:1 ratio. HMG provides a combined gonadotropin stimulus that closely mimics the natural pituitary output during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. FSH acts primarily on granulosa cells to stimulate follicular development, aromatase expression, and estradiol production, while LH acts on theca cells to drive androgen synthesis (which serves as a substrate for granulosa cell aromatization). Research applications include studies on folliculogenesis and follicular dynamics, ovarian stimulation protocols, spermatogenesis induction (particularly in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism models), gonadal steroid production pathways, and comparative studies between purified FSH and combined FSH/LH preparations. The 75 IU format represents a standard research dose that allows precise dose-response characterization in both in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models.